12x12x12 boxes on a 48x48 pallet

Questions

How many 12x12x12 boxes fit on a 48x48 pallet?

64 cartons when the maximum height is 60 inches, before weight. That is 16 per layer and 4 layers.

How many 12x12x12 boxes are in one layer?

16. Both orientations give the same layer.

Why does the layer count use 52 inches?

The pallet calculator holds back 8 inches of a 60-inch maximum for the deck. 52 divided by 12 is 4 layers.